Analysis of Complex Operational Systems: The First Step Towards Calculating Risk State

What is a Complex Operational System (COS)?

An operational system is a composite of elements including personnel, procedures, tools, equipment, facilities, environment, hardware, and software. A system is considered to be complex if interdependent elements interact in the operational environment. In a complex operational system, elements respond to each other and to environmental forces. Operational safety margins prevent system elements from exceeding critical thresholds, maintaining the operational system away from state transitions into nonlinearity or tipping points.

The Role of Human Operators

Human operators employ standard operating procedures (SOPs), tactics, techniques, processes, proficiency, technology, equipment, and infrastructure to carry out operational activities, while maintaining the system within safety margins.